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Implemented in the Dencun upgrade in April 2024, Proto-Danksharding (EIP-4844) represents Ethereum’s intermediary step towards a comprehensive sharding strategy known as Danksharding. Despite its name, which honors Ethereum researchers Proto Lambda and Dankrad Feist, Proto-Danksharding does not introduce full sharding. Instead, it lays the groundwork for full Danksharding by introducing a new data structure called “blobs.”
Blobs are large, cost-effective data chunks temporarily stored on the consensus layer, bypassing processing by the Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) on the execution layer. This enables transactions from Layer 2 and Layer 3 networks to avoid expensive EVM processing, significantly reducing gas costs.
With Proto-Danksharding, each block can currently store up to 6 blobs, with plans to increase this capacity to 64 blobs under full Danksharding.