Loading...
Loading...
A block header is a critical component of each blockchain block and contains essential metadata about the block. This concept is universal across various blockchain networks, each adapting the block header to fit their unique protocols and requirements.
In post-Merge Layer 1 Ethereum, for example, the network is structured into two layers: the consensus layer and the execution layer, each with its distinct types of blocks and corresponding block headers. The consensus layer is responsible for maintaining network security and achieving consensus through the proof-of-stake (PoS) mechanism. Blocks in the consensus layer serve as the ‘main’ wrapper blocks of Ethereum, encapsulating all operational essentials, including references to execution blocks. Block headers in this layer include vital consensus-related data, such as the state root, the block hash of the previous block, and validator information.
Conversely, the execution layer, which adopts the proof-of-work (PoW) block structure from pre-Merge Ethereum, is tasked with processing transactions, executing smart contracts, and updating the state. This layer’s blocks contain the actual transactions, with their headers summarizing crucial details of the transactions.
On the Ethereum network, full nodes typically need to download the entire blockchain’s data to verify transactions. This comprehensive approach ensures the integrity, security, and data availability of the network but can be resource-intensive.
To make the verification process more efficient, a special type of client called a light client uses a different method. Instead of downloading the entire blockchain, light clients fetch only block headers and request Merkle proofs for the transactions they want to verify from full nodes. This significantly lowers hardware requirements, making it easier for more participants to join the network. Consequently, this promotes greater decentralization and reduces reliance on third parties, enhancing the overall resilience and accessibility of the Ethereum network.